The timely and proactive detection and diagnosis of diseases are crucial for the sustainable development of the country and for steadfast progress toward sustainable development goals. The healthcare care indicators of the country need to be continuously monitored and evaluated to achieve the desired targets as set in the action plans of different policy documents aimed at strengthening healthcare access, delivery, and equity. The invention and augmentation of artificial intelligence (AI) and allied technologies play a stupendous role in ameliorating the action plans and provide a valid justification for the agreed social indicators of health. The chapter talks about the use of AI-based algorithms in disease detection and diagnosis, methodology for disease detection, the role of AI in the early detection of diseases, AI interventions in the detection of rare diseases, and the contribution of AI in the medical diagnostic market. The findings of the chapter hold significance for policymakers, medical practitioners, and health technology enthusiasts.