Processing Techniques and Challenges of 3D-, 4D-, and 5D-Printed Polymer Composites
摘要
This chapter explores the evolving landscape of additive manufacturing technologies- 3D, 4D, and 5D printing and their application in polymer composites. It examines the processing techniques employed in each technology, highlighting their respective advantages and challenges. Key topics include material selection, design considerations, mechanical properties, and the impact of environmental stimuli on shape-changing capabilities. Challenges such as material compatibility, process control, and scalability are discussed, along with future directions and opportunities for innovation in this rapidly advancing field.