5D-Printed Polymer Nanocomposites for Healthcare Applications
摘要
Modern civilization has experienced significant advancements in material technologies to facilitate the use of various innovative materials in a range of applications. The versatile functions and associated beneficial properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), such as their high elastic modulus, large surface area to volume ratio, large flame retardancy, and improved density among the many novel hybrid biomaterials have revolutionized the field. Due to the structuring that occurs during the processing of the polymer at the nanoscale, the processing of nanocomposite (NC) polymers is the most crucial step in bridging the technology between the composition of the NCs and their ultimate properties and derived applications. PNCs can be produced using a variety of methods. The goal of these methods is to create NC materials that are dispersed uniformly and do not aggregate. The most widely used methods for creating PNCs include melting and mixing, in-situ polymerization, electrospinning, selective laser sintering, and additive manufacturing (AM) methods like 3D, 4D, and 5D technologies. Stereolithographic processes are the foundation of AM or 3D printing (3DP). It is based on the x, y, and z axes, but 4D printing (4DP) adds a new dimension: time. Compared with 3DP and 4DP, 5D printing (5DP) can be used to manufacture more complex structures or designs that need more strength or have curved layers. Two more axes are involved in 5DP, namely the rotation of the extruder head and the print bed. This chapter provides a quick overview of 5DP technology and its various uses. The presentation includes a thorough review of the various healthcare applications, including drug delivery, dentistry, orthopaedics, bioprinting, tissue engineering, nanomedicine, and medical and biological areas.