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Introduction: Mining operation utilizes heavy earth moving machineries (HEMM) and other mining equipment which contributes to high intensity noise exposure at work place, leading to occupational health hazard like noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), temporary or permanent threshold shift in hearing among miners. High intensity noise leads to gradual degradation of miners’ health, decline in his job performance, and work output and causes hearing impairment either due to permanent or temporary threshold shift [20]. D. Chatterjee et al. 2005 defined noise as an unwanted sound, which is an auditory stressor to some person and may be interpreted as a welcome sound or a social outburst of joy to others [15]. The present study evaluates the personal noise dose exposure of miners and area noise zoning of mine operational work place. Methodology: The miners were briefed on study objective and were instructed to work in their normal vocation schedule. The personal noise dosimetry and area noise zone monitoring was conducted by using noise PRO DLX, Type II noise dosimeter, Quest, make USA, and precision Type I sound level meter, CEL 63X, make Casella, London. The noise intensity was measured in dB(A) for TWA, Leq, Lmin, and Lmax and in dB(Z) for Lpeak in log and linear scales, respectively. The dosimeter and microphone sensor was attached to the miner’s waist belt and uniform collar in gazing mode. The SLM was placed at a distance of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m, respectively, from noise source as per the requirement, available space in different direction for measurement of area noise. As per DGMS circular No. 18 Tech. 75, the “danger limit value”, “noise criterion level” is 90 dB(A) and “warning limit” is 85 dB(A) for an unprotected ear in 8 h shift [21]. Result: The personal noise dosimetry monitoring of twenty eight (N = 28) samples was collected from operators of backhoe (N1 = 4), drill machine (N2 = 2), dumper (N3 = 2), tipper (N4 = 10), wheel loader (N5 = 4), rock breaker (N6 = 1), and mobile crusher and screen (N7 = 5). The time-weighted average (TWA) 8 h exposure personal noise intensity was 87.68 dB(A) ± 2.43, range 83.1–93.3 dB(A), LEQ was 89.23 dB(A) ± 2.33, range 83.8–94.2 dB(A), and LPEAK noise intensity in linear “Z” scale was 146.3 dB(Z) ± 1.9, range 140.5–149 dB(Z). The area noise zoning N = 12 for five type of mining operation like mobile crushing and screening operations (N1 = 5), backhoe operation (N2 = 3), rock-breaking operation N3 = 2, drilling operation N4 = 1, and weigh bridge operation (N5 = 1). The noise intensity for crushing and screening from source 0, 5, 10, and 15 m reveals LEQ 92.05 ± 1.77, 90.25 ± 1.20, 88.45 ± 2.68, and 86.4 ± 2.79 dB(A) and LPEAK 111.1 ± 6.93, 103.4 ± 5.52, 106.8 ± 5.09, and 100.48 ± 3.01 dB(Z). For Rock-breaking operation, the noise intensity from source 10, 15, 20, and 25 m reveals LEQ 93.83 ± 0.83, 91.15 ± 0.07, 87.2 ± 0, and 84.2 ± 0 db(A) and LPEAK 117.77 ± 1.99, 115 ± 1.84, 106.1 ± 0, and 105.8 ± 0 dB(Z). For backhoe operation, the noise intensity from source 10, 15, 20, and 25 m reveals LEQ 84.33 ± 1.15, 84.55 ± 5.67, 88.9 ± 0, and 90.1 ± 0 dB(A) and LPEAK 113.9 ± 3.08, 110.75 ± 2.55, 106.5 ± 0, and 109.7 ± 0 dB(Z). For drill operation, the noise intensity from source 10, 15, and 20 m reveals LEQ 89.63 ± 1.32, 85.7 ± 1.55, and 84.3 ± 0 and LPEAK 111.07 ± 3.35, 105.83 ± 2.20, and 97.3 ± 0 dB(Z). For weigh bridge operation, the noise intensity from source 5 and 10 m reveals LEQ 81.9 ± 0.42 and 83.4 ± 0 dB(A) and LPEAK 102.15 ± 1.34 and 104.8 ± 0 dB(Z). Conclusion: The personal noise TWA and LEQ noise intensity of 28 samples reveals 5 and 9 samples were above 90 dB(A) danger limit value, 18 and 18 samples were above 85 dB(A) warning limit value, lastly 5 and 1 samples were below 85 dB(A) warning limit value as per DGMS Circular No. 18 Tech. 1975 [18, 19]. The area noise zone monitoring of five operation reveals noise intensity exceeded above 90 dB(A) danger limit value at 0 m and 5 m for crushing and screening operation and 10 m and 15 m for rock-breaking operation. It exceeded above 85 dB(A) warning limit value at 10 m and 15 m for crushing and screening operation and drill operation and 20 m for rock-breaking operation. For all other operation area, noise zoning was below 85 dB(A) warning limit value from its respective source distance. Engineering modification and change in design of crushing, screening, and other HEMM operation is necessary to control occupational noise at source and medium.

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Ergonomic Assessment of Miners’ Personal Noise Intensity Exposure Monitoring and Operational Areas’ Noise Zoning in Iron Ore Mines of Sandur North Karnataka—A Case Study

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Debasis Chatterjee

摘要

Introduction: Mining operation utilizes heavy earth moving machineries (HEMM) and other mining equipment which contributes to high intensity noise exposure at work place, leading to occupational health hazard like noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), temporary or permanent threshold shift in hearing among miners. High intensity noise leads to gradual degradation of miners’ health, decline in his job performance, and work output and causes hearing impairment either due to permanent or temporary threshold shift [20]. D. Chatterjee et al. 2005 defined noise as an unwanted sound, which is an auditory stressor to some person and may be interpreted as a welcome sound or a social outburst of joy to others [15]. The present study evaluates the personal noise dose exposure of miners and area noise zoning of mine operational work place. Methodology: The miners were briefed on study objective and were instructed to work in their normal vocation schedule. The personal noise dosimetry and area noise zone monitoring was conducted by using noise PRO DLX, Type II noise dosimeter, Quest, make USA, and precision Type I sound level meter, CEL 63X, make Casella, London. The noise intensity was measured in dB(A) for TWA, Leq, Lmin, and Lmax and in dB(Z) for Lpeak in log and linear scales, respectively. The dosimeter and microphone sensor was attached to the miner’s waist belt and uniform collar in gazing mode. The SLM was placed at a distance of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m, respectively, from noise source as per the requirement, available space in different direction for measurement of area noise. As per DGMS circular No. 18 Tech. 75, the “danger limit value”, “noise criterion level” is 90 dB(A) and “warning limit” is 85 dB(A) for an unprotected ear in 8 h shift [21]. Result: The personal noise dosimetry monitoring of twenty eight (N = 28) samples was collected from operators of backhoe (N1 = 4), drill machine (N2 = 2), dumper (N3 = 2), tipper (N4 = 10), wheel loader (N5 = 4), rock breaker (N6 = 1), and mobile crusher and screen (N7 = 5). The time-weighted average (TWA) 8 h exposure personal noise intensity was 87.68 dB(A) ± 2.43, range 83.1–93.3 dB(A), LEQ was 89.23 dB(A) ± 2.33, range 83.8–94.2 dB(A), and LPEAK noise intensity in linear “Z” scale was 146.3 dB(Z) ± 1.9, range 140.5–149 dB(Z). The area noise zoning N = 12 for five type of mining operation like mobile crushing and screening operations (N1 = 5), backhoe operation (N2 = 3), rock-breaking operation N3 = 2, drilling operation N4 = 1, and weigh bridge operation (N5 = 1). The noise intensity for crushing and screening from source 0, 5, 10, and 15 m reveals LEQ 92.05 ± 1.77, 90.25 ± 1.20, 88.45 ± 2.68, and 86.4 ± 2.79 dB(A) and LPEAK 111.1 ± 6.93, 103.4 ± 5.52, 106.8 ± 5.09, and 100.48 ± 3.01 dB(Z). For Rock-breaking operation, the noise intensity from source 10, 15, 20, and 25 m reveals LEQ 93.83 ± 0.83, 91.15 ± 0.07, 87.2 ± 0, and 84.2 ± 0 db(A) and LPEAK 117.77 ± 1.99, 115 ± 1.84, 106.1 ± 0, and 105.8 ± 0 dB(Z). For backhoe operation, the noise intensity from source 10, 15, 20, and 25 m reveals LEQ 84.33 ± 1.15, 84.55 ± 5.67, 88.9 ± 0, and 90.1 ± 0 dB(A) and LPEAK 113.9 ± 3.08, 110.75 ± 2.55, 106.5 ± 0, and 109.7 ± 0 dB(Z). For drill operation, the noise intensity from source 10, 15, and 20 m reveals LEQ 89.63 ± 1.32, 85.7 ± 1.55, and 84.3 ± 0 and LPEAK 111.07 ± 3.35, 105.83 ± 2.20, and 97.3 ± 0 dB(Z). For weigh bridge operation, the noise intensity from source 5 and 10 m reveals LEQ 81.9 ± 0.42 and 83.4 ± 0 dB(A) and LPEAK 102.15 ± 1.34 and 104.8 ± 0 dB(Z). Conclusion: The personal noise TWA and LEQ noise intensity of 28 samples reveals 5 and 9 samples were above 90 dB(A) danger limit value, 18 and 18 samples were above 85 dB(A) warning limit value, lastly 5 and 1 samples were below 85 dB(A) warning limit value as per DGMS Circular No. 18 Tech. 1975 [18, 19]. The area noise zone monitoring of five operation reveals noise intensity exceeded above 90 dB(A) danger limit value at 0 m and 5 m for crushing and screening operation and 10 m and 15 m for rock-breaking operation. It exceeded above 85 dB(A) warning limit value at 10 m and 15 m for crushing and screening operation and drill operation and 20 m for rock-breaking operation. For all other operation area, noise zoning was below 85 dB(A) warning limit value from its respective source distance. Engineering modification and change in design of crushing, screening, and other HEMM operation is necessary to control occupational noise at source and medium.