Peas are vital legume crops that play crucial roles in global food security, providing rich sources of protein, carbohydrates, and essential vitamins and minerals. However, the production of peas is severely threatened by the increasing impact of climate change, particularly the increasing frequency and intensity of drought events. This chapter commences with an exploration of the adverse effects of drought on the morphology, physiology, and biochemical processes of pea plants. However, plants themselves have several defense mechanisms, such as drought escape, drought avoidance, and drought tolerance. Through the utilization of advanced genomic tools, including molecular markers and high-throughput genotyping technologies, breeders can streamline the process of identifying and selecting superior genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance. Leveraging marker-assisted breeding techniques offers a promising avenue for expediting the selection of drought-tolerant pea genotypes, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. This chapter also presents successful case studies illustrating the practical application of marker-assisted breeding (MAB) in pea breeding programs worldwide. These examples highlight the efficacy of MABs in accelerating the development of drought-tolerant pea varieties characterized by improved agronomic performance and yield stability. Additionally, the chapter discusses the challenges and opportunities inherent in deploying MABs, such as marker validation, genotype–environment interactions, and regulatory considerations. In conclusion, marker-assisted breeding has emerged as a potent strategy for addressing the complex trait of drought tolerance in pea, offering a sustainable solution to mitigate the impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity. This comprehensive overview serves as a valuable resource for researchers, breeders, and policymakers alike, elucidating the potential of molecular tools in facilitating crop improvement efforts tailored to environmental resilience.