Electronic portfolios (e-portfolios) are digital collections that display and share learning artifacts, document reflective learning processes, connect learning across different stages, and offer ongoing feedback and improvement opportunities. To provide a comprehensive overview of the field, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of 409 papers published up to 2011, retrieved from the Web of Science database, followed by a content analysis. This study focused on two primary issues: What trends and characteristics have emerged in e-portfolio research over the past twenty years? What are the future developments and impacts of e-portfolios? We have investigated the effectiveness of e-portfolios across various educational levels and disciplines, underscoring their diverse applications. This research highlights current trends and key areas of interest. By identifying the main themes and significant contributions within the e-portfolio literature, this study tries to aid scholars and practitioners in making informed decisions about their research focus.