War-related traumatic experiences are globally prevalent. Traumatic stress plays a profound role in the development of suicide risk. In this chapter, we review the evidence linking war trauma to suicidal behaviour, with a focus on civilian populations which are relatively understudied as compared to veteran soldiers. We consider the specific aspects of war trauma as compared to other traumas, the documented associations between war trauma and suicidal thoughts and behaviours, refugees as a sub-population of special interest, the question of when suicide risk might emerge following war trauma, intervening mechanisms which may explain the associations, the powerful impacts of war trauma on children’s development, and the implications for future research and practise. Taken together, this evidence base demonstrates that war trauma is profoundly disruptive and may contribute to further losses of life beyond the direct impacts of war-related violence. Public health efforts to reduce the burden of injuries and deaths related to suicidal behaviour must take into account the prevention of war and its related traumas.