In order to satisfy anticipated future use and also huge demand for the lithium products, there has been increased demand for the resources of lithium in the last few decades. Hydraulic fracturing or fracking gives an opportunity to extract lithium, which is usually considered a resource, from wastewater generated during the process. Hence, low lithium-carrying brines that are released as flow back produced water (FPW) from hydraulically fractured oil and gas wells are one possible source of lithium. This chapter addresses the growing demand for lithium resources from lithium batteries and other raw materials, emphasizing the need to protect the environment, maximize resource utilization, and reduce costs. It explores successful energy transitions, providing a financial analysis of lithium extraction, compares hybrid extraction methods, and examines global lithium trade, and finally discusses the future prospects of the lithium industry.