With the development of the global economy, bulk cargo ports, as important logistics hubs, are increasingly valued for their operational efficiency and safety. Belt conveyors, as the core transportation equipment in bulk cargo ports, play a significant role in improving work efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring safety through precise tracking of material flow. This paper proposes a high-precision belt material flow tracking method that segments the belt and uses array elements to track the weight and position information of the material flow on each segment, combining the belt’s operating speed and detection pulse information to achieve precise tracking of the belt material flow. This method can effectively prevent belt idling and material overload, reduce equipment wear and energy waste, and enhance the level of intelligent operation in the port.