Railway master data is crucial for ensuring consistency and accuracy across information systems. As railway informatization progresses, the types and volumes of data have rapidly increased, making traditional master data management methods increasingly inadequate. On the other hand, the railway industry has high demands for data processing speed and security. Therefore, effectively managing high-value data that is reused across different business domains is key to improving the efficiency and safety of railway systems. This study proposes a new master data management technology by combining advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology to address the pain points in railway master data management. Experiments show that applying this framework can intelligently identify and classify complex business data, effectively supporting dynamic updates and intelligent governance of master data.