A large-scale highway infrastructure monitoring system requires a complex and heterogeneous data transmission network to transmit different types and large amounts of sensor data. In order to meet the requirement of rapid modeling and performance evaluation of highway infrastructure monitoring data transmission networks in engineering construction projects, this paper proposes a graph modeling method for heterogeneous transmission networks of highway infrastructure monitoring data using relevant concepts and methods of graph theory. By combining network models with engineering implementation experience, an exploratory engineering evaluation method for evaluating network carrying capacity, end-to-end latency, and end-to-end reliability has been proposed. The above methods can be used to achieve rapid modeling of networks and rapid evaluation of key performance parameters. The evaluation conclusions can serve as the basis for optimizing and implementing the engineering design of highway infrastructure monitoring systems.