Performance Evaluation of VPN Protocols in Live and Dynamic Network Environments
摘要
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) represent a network protocol, that is used to connect two distinct and separate networks. Computers on a VPN network can communicate with each other as if they were on the same local network. Dedicated VPN protocols such as IKEv2, WireGuard, OpenVPN, etc. have been developed with each claiming its strengths and weaknesses. Selecting a VPN protocol has always been a challenge, as this selection significantly impacts the performance of the network. This paper aims to perform tests on live networks, to quantify how differently VPN protocols perform under real network conditions. An evaluation system that uses Iperf3 was developed in Tauri, along with a server to serve as the benchmark endpoint. Multiple real-world tests were performed at various locations around the Klang Valley (Malaysia), to provide a comparative study of different VPN protocols considering various network environments. The results showed that IKEv2 is generally the best-performing VPN protocol, while other protocols are more network-dependent, with each test showing a different protocol as the most effective. The results also indicate that some protocols, such as WireGuard and OpenVPN, are unable to keep the connection active when network traffic is being contested for bandwidth.