The waste produced by Pharmaceuticals and personal care productsPersonal care products (PPCPs) industries has hazardous impact on the environment and public health and are considered as a matter of emerging concern. These wastes if disposed untreated are found to be poisonous to aquatic flora and fauna as they contains products of drug and formulation development process. Lack of a profound treatment of wastewater may lead to discharge PPCPs residues making them the chief source of PPCP contamination of water bodies. However, for proper treatment of PPCP it is essential to have a knowledge on the chemical characteristics and components of the influent water. Several studies have been carried out on various treatment methods associated with PPCP. This chapter compares the physical, chemical and bioremoval methods. Biological treatment is considered to be most sustainable, economically viable and less energy-intensive option. Various microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, fungi and plant species have displayed promising bioremedial as well as phyoremedial potential in removing drug residues from pharmaceutical effluents. This chapter discusses the various types of biological treatment procedures, their usages and limitations in context of industrial wastewater treatment aimed at decreasing the ecotoxicological effects of pharmaceutical wastewater which will encourage the industry to reuse water.