Emerging pollutantsEmerging Pollutants (EPs) encompass a range of chemicals and compounds newly recognized as environmentally hazardous, raising significant threats for both ecosystem and human health and well-being. The “emerging” reflects the growing apprehension surrounding pollutants, many of which lack regulation at national or international levels, heightening the risks. These compounds are often biologically active and have the potential for persistencePersistence and bioaccumulationBioaccumulation, making them particularly concerning for environmental condition and human health. The main topic of this chapter is the environmental and health ramifications of emerging pollutantsEmerging Pollutants (EPs), with specific emphasis on methods used for analysis like traditional methods (chromatography, spectroscopy) alongside improved, sophisticated detection techniques (mass spectrometryMass Spectrometry (MS), biosensorsBiosensor, or nanotechnology-based methods). Case studies are employed to determine the causal events and potential solutions to make successful strategies through technology. In this chapter, the authors delve into the various aspects of emerging pollutantsEmerging Pollutants (EPs) as well as challenges (such as regulatory gaps, technological limitations, and resource constraints) and future perspectives (viz., developments in analytical techniques, remediation technologies, and regulatory frameworks). It helps to contribute to ongoing efforts to protect human health and environment simultaneously from the threats posed by these hazardous substancesHazardous substances.