In the present era, health care organisations are utilising various mechanisms to electronically exchange patients’ health information. Electronic Health Information Exchange is a system that allows health professionals to access and share health information of a patient. The timely exchange of health information across different healthcare systems brings about significant advantages in terms of reducing expenses, enhancing care, and strengthening disease surveillance. Research has revealed that health care entities primarily utilise three exchange models to electronically transmit patient health information: direct, query-based, and patient-centred exchange. The challenges faced by common health information exchange systems include concerns regarding privacy, risks associated with security, limited visibility of system transparency, compatibility across organisations as well as data comprehension by physicians. Blockchain has the capability to shake this domain due to its inherent properties of privacy protection in a shared database, high speed of data transfer and lack of dependency on a singular service provider, allowing patients to gain more control over their health information, enabling a transparent and auditable trail of data exchanges, simplifying insurance claims, clinical trials, and data collection for research. Permissioned networks such as Hyperledger-Fabric will allow the retention of privacy while simultaneously benefitting from the advantages of a decentralised database. To establish a robust interoperable patient-centric health information exchange system, the existing models encounter challenges such as continued data ownership control by authorities and data breaches caused by cyberattacks. Blockchain has the potential to offer solutions to address these challenges in the health information exchange system.