Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common cancers causing death worldwide, especially in low/middle-income countries. There are many environmental exposures to chemical and biological risky factors to increase the risk for the development of HCC. Environmental and occupational exposures to carcinogenic chemical pollutants in the workplaces and during unhealthy domestic life are traging factors for increasing the risk of HCC development. Also, exposure to biological factors; such as infection with viral hepatitis B or C, exposure to the carcinogenic fungal metabolites, and other biological toxins are well documented to cause increase the risk of development of HCC. This chapter discusses the chemical and biological carcinogens risky for increasing HCC cases, and the impacts of ecological factors in low/middle-income countries that may increase the risk of HCC development.