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Tomatoes have a limited genetic base, which makes breeding extremely difficult. Thus, quick and efficient tomato breeding is now beneficial, thanks to the evolution of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)–associated protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing. With the use of CRISPR/Cas9, a variety of tomato traits has been functionally characterized and edited. These traits include plant structure and flower characters (such as leaf, stem, flower, male sterility, fruit, and parthenocarpy), fruit ripening, quality, nutrition (such as lycopene, carotenoid, GABA, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), anthocyanin, and shelf life), disease resistance (such as against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), powdery mildew, and late blight), abiotic stress tolerance (such as heat, drought, and salinity), Carbon-Nitrogen (C-N) metabolism, and herbicide resistance. The de novo development of elite features from natural collaborators to cultivated tomatoes and vice versa has been determined by the introduction of CRISPR/Cas9. Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 empower the use of online tools for base/prime editing Target-AID (Antibiotics and Immunomodulation-Directed), homologous recombination (HR)–based gene knock-in (HKI) by geminivirus replicon, robust CRISPR/Cas constructs, and effective transformation protocols like Agrobacterium and DNA-free protoplast method for Cas9–gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Due to global climate change, low biodiversity has originated hindrance for tomato breeding and agriculture. Due to the potential linkage drag of undesirable traits from their genetic backgrounds. Wild tomatoes and their relatives possess a vast, untapped reservoir of genetic diversity that remains largely unexploited in the breeding of commercial tomatoes. New plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) have made it achievable to breed tomatoes with great precision through genome editing, which distinctly uses CRISPR/Cas-based tools. Moreover, using highly precise instruments, faster introgression or de novo domestication of elite and innovative features from/to the natural tomato relatives to/from the cultivated tomatoes, respectively, has been developed.

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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Tomatoes: Trait Improvement and Beyond

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Aqsa Abid,
  • Kainat Zahra,
  • Saba Zafar,
  • Faiz Ahmad Joyia,
  • Ghulam Mustafa,
  • Aqsa Parvaiz

摘要

Tomatoes have a limited genetic base, which makes breeding extremely difficult. Thus, quick and efficient tomato breeding is now beneficial, thanks to the evolution of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)–associated protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing. With the use of CRISPR/Cas9, a variety of tomato traits has been functionally characterized and edited. These traits include plant structure and flower characters (such as leaf, stem, flower, male sterility, fruit, and parthenocarpy), fruit ripening, quality, nutrition (such as lycopene, carotenoid, GABA, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), anthocyanin, and shelf life), disease resistance (such as against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), powdery mildew, and late blight), abiotic stress tolerance (such as heat, drought, and salinity), Carbon-Nitrogen (C-N) metabolism, and herbicide resistance. The de novo development of elite features from natural collaborators to cultivated tomatoes and vice versa has been determined by the introduction of CRISPR/Cas9. Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 empower the use of online tools for base/prime editing Target-AID (Antibiotics and Immunomodulation-Directed), homologous recombination (HR)–based gene knock-in (HKI) by geminivirus replicon, robust CRISPR/Cas constructs, and effective transformation protocols like Agrobacterium and DNA-free protoplast method for Cas9–gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Due to global climate change, low biodiversity has originated hindrance for tomato breeding and agriculture. Due to the potential linkage drag of undesirable traits from their genetic backgrounds. Wild tomatoes and their relatives possess a vast, untapped reservoir of genetic diversity that remains largely unexploited in the breeding of commercial tomatoes. New plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) have made it achievable to breed tomatoes with great precision through genome editing, which distinctly uses CRISPR/Cas-based tools. Moreover, using highly precise instruments, faster introgression or de novo domestication of elite and innovative features from/to the natural tomato relatives to/from the cultivated tomatoes, respectively, has been developed.