The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an alarming problem in health care systems; pressing a threat to treatment of infectious diseases. AMR has been announced as one among the top ten threats the world needs to address. The continued surge in the antibiotic usage leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the ecosystem and disseminates unprecedently. The nexus of ARB and the rate of dissemination demands innovative rapid approaches for their precise detection in their environment. Traditional laboratory-based methods for AMR detection, such as culture-based techniques and molecular assays, are accurate but often costly, labour-intensive, and time-consuming, limiting their use for high-throughput onsite monitoring in resource-limited settings. Nanobiosensors are promising technologies offer precise detection of ARB in a scalable manner. Nanobiosensors are hybrid instruments that seam the advantage of nanomaterials with biology (biological recognition elements). Nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanowires enhance the sensor’s performance in terms of sensitivity and speed. Biological recognition elements in turn improves the specificity through molecular interactions and reinforce precise detection of ARB. This chapter aims to leverage the adoption of nanobiosensor technology for surveillance of AMR. Providing a comprehensive overview of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, this chapter delves into the molecular basis of resistance mechanisms and addresses the limitations of traditional detection methods. Additionally, the chapter explores the critical components of nanobiosensors and highlights the potential bacterial biomarkers for targeting. The chapter concludes by discussing the key challenges and limitations that must be addressed to advance this promising technology for AMR detection and management.