Australia's 2022 National Waste Report states that between 2016 and 2021, the generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW) grew from 23.4 to 29 million tonnes, making up 38% of all waste generated in the nation. The National Waste Policy Action Plan aims to increase the CDW recycling rate to 80% by 2030 to minimize waste as one of the key priorities. In this context, CDW sector-specific endeavours during the recent past are vital understanding to achieve the set policy priorities. Thus, the chapter aims to investigate whether current construction and demolition waste management (CDWM) research efforts in Australia are coherent with policy targets. A systematic literature review was conducted and the study utilized 126 research outputs published in Web of Science and Scopus databases to achieve this. The PRISMA methodology was employed with imposing year restrictions from 2019 to 2023. Additionally, the study referred to the federal and state/territory-level policy documents to review the policy targets concerning CDWM. The findings revealed that research has been conducted on five major themes: management practices, recycling and upcycling, circular economy, stakeholder behaviour, and technology advancements. However, most current practices are not fully aligned with national and state policy targets. To enhance alignment and effectiveness, further research should focus on integrating policy objectives and addressing existing gaps in practice. These findings will provide a valuable assessment of the current state of CDWM research efforts and serve as a roadmap for researchers and industry practitioners to achieve the policy targets.