Based on an analysis of megatrends and their effects shaping our contemporary societies and economies, the chapter highlights the importance of public administration as a crucial component in safeguarding the short-, medium-, and long-term public interest. Thus, it also focuses on the policy and technical tools public administration disposes in order to cofront priority issues, along with the skills and competencies required to operate in an uncertain environment leading to a discussion of public human resources in the new reality. The chapter concludes with a discussion of challenges emerging in efforts to transform public administration and face the related opportunities ahead.