India is the world’s largest democracy, with a population of over 1.4 billion people. India is currently the world’s third largest energy consumer heavily dependent on fossil fuels for energy generation, which results in significant carbon emissions. One of the main greenhouse gases (GHGs) responsible for the rise in the global average surface temperature is carbon dioxide (CO2). Due to India’s dependence on coal, fluctuating coal prices, and resulting carbon emissions, it is necessary to find alternatives to coal. Waste co-processing in the cement plant emerges as a sustainable strategy to mitigate CO2 emissions by harnessing waste as an alternative fuel and raw material (AFR). A significant rise in population, growing incomes, and living standards produced a significant amount of different wastes which presents a latent potential for resource and energy recovery. The cement industry in India exemplifies how co-processing can offer a sustainable waste management solution. However, a juxtaposition of India’s potential to utilize waste as a resource with its current thermal substitution rate (TSR) reveals a stark disparity. India’s TSR is far behind many other nations, highlighting unrealized potential. This study is based on reports published by regulatory authorities and cement manufacturers. Also, this report highlights the details of environmental infrastructure available and challenges for co-processing activity in India.