Nanofluids, with their enhanced thermal conductivity and potential for improved electrical insulation, are gaining attention across various fields. This study investigates the impact of thermal, acoustic, and chemical treatments on the breakdown performance of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles due to the challenges of unstable SiO2 nanofluids. Different treatment techniques were applied, including heating the SiO2 under 98 °C, chemical treatment by adding surfactant (palmitic acid), and ultrasonication using sound energy ranging to 20 kHz, to enhance nanoparticle stability and electrical properties of nanofluids. Results indicate that chemical treatment yielded the highest electrical strength performance with 4.06 MV/m, followed by thermal treatment with 3.39 MV/m, and then acoustic treatment with 3.05 MV/m. Pure palm oil, without nanoparticle additives, exhibited the lowest electrical strength with 2.77 MV/m. These findings underscore that chemical treatment method have the best optimization on SiO2 nanoparticle performance for electrical insulation applications.