Concrete is a predominant material in construction due to its strength and cost efficiency. The choice of cement strength class (CSC) plays a critical role in determining the final properties of concrete. This paper reviews the impact of different Cement Strength Classes (CSCs) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cement-based materials. Through a detailed examination of previous studies, the paper highlights the relationship between CSC and key properties such as compressive strength, porosity, and microstructural integrity. The findings indicate that higher CSCs, particularly 42.5 and 52.5 MPa, contribute to denser microstructures, reduced porosity, and enhanced compressive strength, as demonstrated through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. However, the research reveals certain limitations, such as the lack of long-term durability assessments and a narrow focus on specific CSCs. This paper aims to bridge theoretical knowledge and practical application, emphasizing the importance of CSC in achieving desired concrete properties, while also recognizing the need for further studies on the broader implications of CSC selection.