Accurately estimating the potential damage and cracking resulting from earthquakes is of utmost importance for evaluating the seismic vulnerability of Concrete Gravity Dams GD. This study focuses on a conventional GD and employs fragility curves to assess its susceptibility. The research utilizes the Incremental Dynamic Analysis IDA approach, incorporating non-linear dynamic analysis and finite element modelling with the Abaqus computer software. By analyzing the degree of GD cracking and considering concurrent global instability conditions, a comprehensive matrix of limit states is es-tablished. To identify specific damage states DSs, novel concepts of Damage Indexes DIs are proposed, and the corresponding fragility curves are devel-oped, considering various intensity measures such as Peak Ground Accelera-tion PGA and Spectral Acceleration Sa. Moreover, a vulnerability function is derived using the absolute Maximal Crest Displacement MCD, which serves as an effective and valuable technique for health monitoring of the GD. This research enhances our understanding of the seismic behavior of GDs, providing a robust framework for assessing their susceptibility, identifying potential damage states, and implementing effective health monitoring measures.