The article reviews advances in biodegradable straws, emphasizing raw materials and structural improvement strategies. The environmental impact of plastic straws has prompted the development of environmentally friendly alternatives such as polylactic acid (PLA), starch, cellulose, lignocellulose, and edible hydrocolloids. This alternative naturally decomposes, thus reducing pollution. Methods to improve the quality of biodegradable straws involve the implementation of crosslinking, the integration of plasticizers, and reinforcement with nanofibrils. Starch straw is enriched with glycerin and sodium trimetaphosphate, while cellulose straw acquires moisture resistance through surface modification. Enzymatic treatment and high-pressure homogenization of plant biomass, known as lignocellulose, increases its mechanical strength and water resistance. Although susceptible to heat and brittleness, PLA straws can be improved by incorporating natural fibers and advanced extrusion techniques. Agar and gelatin, edible hydrocolloids, offer important properties of flexibility and biocompatibility. There are still difficulties in balancing durability, cost, and user acceptance. Continued research is essential to establish biodegradable straws as a practical substitute for plastic, reduce pollution, and foster sustainability.