Anthropogenic activities, such as the combustion of fossil fuels and industrial processes, release substantial amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, exacerbating concerns about global warming and climate change. Conventional CO2 capture technologies often prove inadequate and can be hazardous, contributing to secondary environmental pollution. In contrast, biological systems present a promising alternative for CO2 conversion due to their high selectivity and adaptability. Numerous bacteria have the capability to utilize CO2 as their sole carbon source, converting it into valuable products. Additionally, bio-based remediation and environmentally friendly mitigation strategies have been employed to protect and restore environments contaminated by crude oil. Rhizoremediation has gained prominence in bioremediation due to its effective in-situ application. Rhizoremediation approaches for the mitigation of crude oil contamination and delineates strategies for CO2 conversion aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, recent advancements in the engineering of bacteria to efficiently utilize CO2 and other carbon compounds as substrates. Modern sequencing technologies, including metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, are discussed for their role in identifying and characterizing microbial communities and metabolic pathways involved in these processes. These sequencing approaches provide deep insights into microbial ecology and function, facilitating the development of more efficient bio-based CO2 conversion and bioremediation strategies.