The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the various CRISPR/Cas mechanisms, focusing on their applications, challenges, and future potential in genome editing. These systems have emerged as powerful tools for precise genetic modification, driven by their accessibility and efficiency. This review outlines the background of CRISPR technology, detailing the evolution from traditional gene editing methods to the development of CRISPR/Cas. It also examines the specific methods and mechanisms of different Cas proteins, such as Cas9 and 12, and their roles in the genome engineering process. The results of this review highlight the strengths and limitations of these systems, particularly in terms of their specificity, off-target effects, and delivery challenges. Finally, the review ends with a discussion of the ongoing challenges in CRISPR technology and suggests future research directions to enhance its application in various scientific and medical fields.