With the emergence of new diseases and the resurgence of old ones, new drug development and its delivery methods and materials are on the rise. In the era of nanotechnology, nano encapsulation are drug delivery methods to which belongs the future and the present to put a check on the entire spectrum of diseases for which treatment is challenging and tricky. Keeping the health of the patient in view the treatment is precise as well as minimally hazardous. Nano encapsulation is a technique that has numerous advantages over conventional drug delivery methods. It not only precision-guides drug delivery but also can be personalised to suit the patient’s requirements and health status with minimal loss of drug efficacy. Microencapsulation not only mimics natural processes but additionally provides better control over the drug in question by sustaining drug release over an extended duration. Nano encapsulation formulations allow us to combine multiple drug regimens for a single patient to elicit an effective and reliable response to the drug treatment procedure. Besides all these advantages microencapsulation of therapeutic molecules minimises their side effects and cost also. The present review focuses on the necessity of nano encapsulation, the various strategies, and materials used in nano encapsulation, in addition to the combination of nanoparticles as a targeted nano-drug delivery method for treating and targeting different kinds of diseases.