Since their discovery in 2011, MXenes have garnered substantial attention from researchers due to their unique characteristics. These 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides exhibit versatile surface chemistry and adjustable structures. Possessing a combination of hydrophilicity and excellent metallic conductivity, these materials—available in over 40 compositions, offer distinctive properties such as metal-like electrical conductivity. This makes them valuable in applications ranging from energy storage and optoelectronics to biomedical, communications, and environmental technologies. The rich physical and chemical diversity of MXenes has prompted the exploration of various synthesis routes for producing nanosheets and derivatives. Successful methods should yield structures with high ionic transport properties, stability, and electrical conductivity. This chapter delves into the synthesis routes employed for the production and fabrication of MXenes. The discussion encompasses emerging etching methods, including HF etching, in situ HF-forming etching, electrochemical etching, alkali etching, and molten salt etching methods, as well as delamination strategies. The aim is to comprehensively review the synthesis procedures, theoretical yield, and properties of synthesized MXenes, with a focus on their application. Additionally, to enhance properties, the discussion extends to composites of MXene-based structures, aiming for high performance. The chapter concludes by addressing present challenges and outlining the future scope for large-scale and feasible production of MXenes and their derivatives.