Numerous experiments have demonstrated the critical role of concrete air void parameters in mitigating freeze-thaw damage. Traditionally, these parameters have been measured using the ASTM C457 test, which involves a linear traverse of a cut and polished section of concrete under a microscope. During this process, the chord lengths of material components along the traverse are recorded to statistically determine air void parameters. However, the manual nature of this method is time-consuming and prone to human error due to operator fatigue. This study aimed to develop an innovative image-based approach for evaluating concrete air void parameters. By polishing the concrete surface and utilizing a combination of a computer, video camera, image analysis software, and microscope, high-contrast images were captured, clearly distinguishing cement paste, air voids, and aggregates. An image analysis program was designed to simulate the ASTM C457 test by replicating the linear traverse process and recording chord lengths. Statistical comparisons indicate that the proposed method yields promising results with significant potential for practical application. Nevertheless, further investigation across a broader range of concrete materials is required before it can be adopted as a standardized procedure.