Sustainability and green environment concepts have evolved in various fields, including but not limited to industry, energy, transport, and construction. Several applications and technologies are integrated into pavement in order to enhance the sustainability of transport infrastructure. Thus, this paper aims to provide an in-depth review to examine the feasibility and benefits of embedding several renewable energy technologies, such as piezoelectric, photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and kinetic energy harvesting systems, into pavement materials. The paper also addresses the environmental impacts of integrating renewable energy into pavement materials and structures. The findings suggest that despite challenges such as high costs and efficiency optimization needs, the integration of renewable energy into transport infrastructure can significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable development. Finally, future advancements in renewable energy-integrated pavement systems could transform sustainable infrastructure by enabling roads to generate power. Techniques such as piezoelectric materials, photovoltaic pavements, thermoelectric materials, and geothermal energy harvesting, alongside carbon-neutral materials with carbon capture, offer innovative ways to reduce the carbon footprint of roadways and provide alternative energy sources.