At present, the global decarbonation system is inefficient, hindering the swift progress towards carbon neutrality. Beyond the scarcity of robust foundational theories in climate change economics, two pivotal issues persist at the solutional level: First, the absence of an efficient, autonomous and self-driven big data system for the whole society’s carbon footprints, coupled with the opacity of carbon neutrality information in the whole society, creates obstacles for policymakers in crafting effective strategies and for consumers in making informed choices. Secondly, the dearth of potent positive and negative incentives for both “carbon emissions” and “carbon removals” undermines progress.