The existing domain name system (DNS) is non-autonomous and relatively controlled by some countries and institutions. Traditional DNS faces numerous challenges including low efficiency, vulnerability to information tampering, uneven service distribution, and weak resistance against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. These issues pose a potential threat to national information security. Extensive research has demonstrated that the current DNS, along with its alternative approaches, cannot effectively address the problem of DNS centralization or fulfill the Internet’s fundamental requirements for equality and openness.