This paper introduces the current research status of ducted propulsion underwater robots and their application prospects. It first summarizes the development history of ducted propulsion technology domestically and internationally and its application in underwater robots, covering research on design optimization of ducted propellers, fluid dynamics analysis, and control systems. Subsequently, it discusses the structure, working principles, and key technologies of ducted underwater robots. Finally, it explores the prospects for the wide application of ducted propulsion underwater robots in marine resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and underwater archaeology. The study shows that ducted propulsion technology significantly improves propulsion efficiency, reduces noise, and enhances maneuverability, thus providing a solid technical foundation for the future development of underwater robots.