Beneficial plant microorganisms enhance the growth and resilience of plants. These interactions are impacted by climate change, which includes warming, drought, and elevated CO2. Studies have shown that temperature has mixed effects on these microbes, with positive results when CO2 levels are high. When plants are stressed by drought, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) frequently aid them. Agriculture depends on knowing how plants and microbes interact as the climate changes. Plant stress resistance can be enhanced by reconstructing the microbiome of the rhizosphere. Plant resistance can be directly increased by PGPR inoculation. Even though progress has been made, little is known about how crop–microbe interactions work on a physiological and molecular level in the field. Environmental change, with its expanded recurrence of outrageous occasions, compromises food security by influencing soil-plant-microorganism cooperations. The resilience of plants is largely dependent on microbes. A fundamental methodology is expected to figure out the intricate plant-organism climate collaborations. Tools for investigating these interactions in changing climates are provided by advancements in genomic and sequencing techniques. The significance of interactions between plants and microbes in a changing climate is emphasized in this review. Understanding these interactions and developing resistant crops require additional research.