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The nitrogen (N) issue is a trade-off that our N use for fertilizers and raw materials unintendedly causes various N pollution harmful to human health and ecosystems. This chapter first looks at how the N issue arose and then considers how to balance the benefits of N use and the mitigation of the threats of N pollution with special emphasis on agriculture. Summarizing basic options to enable sustainable N use, (1) improving N use efficiency; (2) reducing reactive N emissions to the environment; and (3) reducing N demand, this chapter tried extracting the knowledge that leads to the three options for sustainable N use from each of Chapters 2 to 7 of this book based on economic research on agriculture and the environment, Chapter 2 Economic Evaluation of Sustainable Agriculture; Chapter 3 Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Environmental Policy; Chapter 4 Consumer Heterogeneity and Agricultural Environmental Policy; Chapter 5 Consumer Preferences for Rice Produced with Consideration for Biodiversity; Chapter 6 Certified vs. Non-certified Eco-labels: Consumer Preferences for Eco-labeled Agricultural Products; and Chapter 7 Sustainable Agriculture and Behavioral Change. This chapter finally overviewed the ongoing domestic and international initiatives toward sustainable N use with future expectations.

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Toward the Realization of Sustainable Nitrogen Use, Including Agriculture

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Kentaro Hayashi

摘要

The nitrogen (N) issue is a trade-off that our N use for fertilizers and raw materials unintendedly causes various N pollution harmful to human health and ecosystems. This chapter first looks at how the N issue arose and then considers how to balance the benefits of N use and the mitigation of the threats of N pollution with special emphasis on agriculture. Summarizing basic options to enable sustainable N use, (1) improving N use efficiency; (2) reducing reactive N emissions to the environment; and (3) reducing N demand, this chapter tried extracting the knowledge that leads to the three options for sustainable N use from each of Chapters 2 to 7 of this book based on economic research on agriculture and the environment, Chapter 2 Economic Evaluation of Sustainable Agriculture; Chapter 3 Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Environmental Policy; Chapter 4 Consumer Heterogeneity and Agricultural Environmental Policy; Chapter 5 Consumer Preferences for Rice Produced with Consideration for Biodiversity; Chapter 6 Certified vs. Non-certified Eco-labels: Consumer Preferences for Eco-labeled Agricultural Products; and Chapter 7 Sustainable Agriculture and Behavioral Change. This chapter finally overviewed the ongoing domestic and international initiatives toward sustainable N use with future expectations.