This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental concepts and calculation methods related to important indexes in rock physics and mechanics. It utilizes multimedia to illustrate testing methods and procedures for these indexes, accompanied by detailed video explanations where applicable. The material covers in-depth discussions on rock deformation and failure characteristics under varying stress conditions, outlining basic concepts and methods for determining major deformation indexes. Additionally, it briefly covers the rheological behavior of rocks and discusses the primary factors influencing its mechanical properties.