Social and Ethical Guidelines Governing Artificial Intelligence: A Perspective from the United Nations and Some Expert Scholars
摘要
The research seeks to ascertain the social and ethical principles that regulate artificial intelligence, as seen by the United Nations and a group of professional researchers. The approach employed is descriptive in nature and utilizes content analysis as a means of gathering data. Multiple outcomes have been achieved, which include: The proliferation of artificial intelligence applications has sparked apprehension among the United Nations, organizations, professionals, and academics. One such application is “ChatGPT,” which was released by Open AI in late November 2022. This was followed by a quick succession of similar applications being published globally. The growing implementation of artificial intelligence will undoubtedly result in profound transformations across several domains, accompanied by notable hazards, including both anticipated ones and unforeseen ones that will manifest gradually. The most significant hazards among them are six primary dimensions: political, economic, social, technical, legal, and environmental. The United Nations has developed social and ethical recommendations and guidelines in response to concerns about the increasing hazards associated with the use of artificial intelligence in several industries and disciplines. In 2020, UNESCO released a distinct recommendation regarding the ethical aspects of artificial intelligence. This recommendation encompasses ten key areas, namely: ethical consequences assessment, ethical governance and oversight, data policies, development and international cooperation, environment and ecological systems, gender equality, culture, education and research, economy and labor, and health and social well-being. The report outlined essential precautionary steps to optimize the advantages of artificial intelligence and minimize its potential hazards. This was achieved by integrating pertinent values and concepts and offering comprehensive policy recommendations for all aspects pertaining to artificial intelligence.