Infectious diseases caused by pathogens remain major health challenges globally. Traditional therapies have been effective but often face limitations, especially with emerging pathogens that develop resistance or evade immune responses. RNA-based therapeutics present a promising alternative, offering precise and adaptable solutions against these infectious agents by directly targeting viral or bacterial genetic material, modulating host responses, and preventing replication. These therapies include small interfering RNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, RNA aptamers, microRNAs, anti-miRNAs, ribozymes, CRISPR gRNAs, and mRNA vaccines, which have shown significant advancements in recent years. Current clinical trials aim to validate the safety, efficacy, and potential for widespread application of RNA-based treatments in various infectious pathologies, potentially transforming future treatment approaches.