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In cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), the interaction between nuclear and mitochondrial genes determines the occurrence and restoration of fertility. Beets are a prime crop for hybrid development using this male sterility system. CMS-Owen is the primary CMS source for beetroot hybrid development, while I-12 CMS (3), CMS G, and H CMS are also found in sugar beets and wild beets. Researchers have utilised molecular tools to uncover new mitochondrial open reading frames (ORFs) that encode distinct polypeptides linked to male sterility. These tools have also been used to study CMS gene expression, mitochondrial genes, fertile and sterile cytoplasm, and environmental stimulus sensitivity, which efficiently reduces the breeding time needed for the creation of novel commercial male-sterile lines. This chapter discusses theories on male sterility and fertility restoration, highlights recent research on the CMS system in beets, and discusses their evolutionary significance.

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Male Sterility Systems and Associated Mechanisms in Beets

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Hament Thakur

摘要

In cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), the interaction between nuclear and mitochondrial genes determines the occurrence and restoration of fertility. Beets are a prime crop for hybrid development using this male sterility system. CMS-Owen is the primary CMS source for beetroot hybrid development, while I-12 CMS (3), CMS G, and H CMS are also found in sugar beets and wild beets. Researchers have utilised molecular tools to uncover new mitochondrial open reading frames (ORFs) that encode distinct polypeptides linked to male sterility. These tools have also been used to study CMS gene expression, mitochondrial genes, fertile and sterile cytoplasm, and environmental stimulus sensitivity, which efficiently reduces the breeding time needed for the creation of novel commercial male-sterile lines. This chapter discusses theories on male sterility and fertility restoration, highlights recent research on the CMS system in beets, and discusses their evolutionary significance.