Microbes to the Rescue: The Future of Plant Protection
摘要
With every passing decade, anthropogenic pursuits have intensified unwarranted cycles of meeting the demands of the overpopulous world, affecting the environment, which climate change has made living difficult. Within this cycle, there is a focus on increasing the yield of plants especially agricultural crops to meet the growing food demand across the globe. To attain more yield in less time, incidences of overharvesting arable land and unsuitable farming methods have led to a decline in environmental health. This decline comprises diminishing biodiversity, deteriorating soil, water, and air quality, burgeoning biotic and abiotic stress, and a non-sustainable ecosystem. The zealous efforts on plant protection by overuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc., have been detrimental as it has resulted in accumulation of toxic compounds in soil and emission of greenhouse gases. The realization that declining environmental health needs to be reversed has affected strong policies in countries, including India. One of the policies is to reduce the use of recalcitrant fertilizers and pesticides. Plant protection approaches now include establishing phytomicrobiomes to enhance plant growth, mitigate biotic and abiotic stress, and enhance biocontrol and plant immunity. This intervention may be slow in comparison to the use of chemicals; however, it is predicted to be long-lasting, sustainable, and eco-friendly.