Agricultural Land Restoration: Strategies and Challenges
摘要
The degradation of agricultural land presents a serious global challenge, compromising food security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. Prolonged unsustainable land management, accelerates soil degradation, resulting in the potential release of around 2/3rd of their initial carbon stores into the atmosphere as CO2. Land degradation impacted nearly one fourth of the global land surface and the lives of ~3.2 billion people. Soil degradation encompasses nutrient depletion, diminished microbial activity, and degradation of physical structure, all of which contribute to decreased fertility and moisture retention capacity, often leading to the land abandonment. This condition is more aggravated in middle- and low-income nations, where agricultural intensification has been pursued to bolster crop yields swiftly. The loss of fertile arable land is accelerating annually with a rate of ~24 Mha and 23 hectare per minute and economic losses amounting to 10% of the global GDP annually. Furthermore, if appropriate land and crop management practices not upscaled, up to 95% of global land could be degraded by 2050. Hence, a comprehensive approach is highly warranted to arrest and/or restore the land degradation. Restoration efforts span various practices aimed at rejuvenating ecosystems, preserving biodiversity, and fostering economic development. Aligned with international objectives such as achieving Land Degradation Neutrality by 2030, restoring agricultural lands is crucial for securing food stability and sustainable agricultural practices. Moreover, immediate and concerted action is imperative for land restoration to ensure a sustainable future for forthcoming generations.