This volume discusses the work of four exemplars of Ru or Confucianism, making the argument that they are philosophers in their own right. They do not simply explicate the meaning of Confucian texts, nor merely commentate on the tradition. What exactly this entails, and how we might think of “beyond comparison” is an exploratory project. Some authors have quite distinct views on this. Tim Connolly expresses his own take: “As I understand the phrase ‘Beyond Comparison,’ it means getting beyond dichotomies that have been prevalent in Anglo-European philosophy.” Because of Anglo-European philosophy’s hegemony in the global arena, these dichotomies have tended to shape encounters with philosophical traditions in the rest of the world.” In his paper Connolly discusses Yang Guorong’s views on cultivation and maturation in comparison with John Searle. Yang’s understandings of ritual and humanization offer an account of social reality that differs greatly from Searle. In this way Connolly builds on Carleo’s essay to demonstrate that not only is Yang’s work “beyond comparison,” but taking it seriously allows us to develop productive philosophical encounters with new frameworks and methodological tools.