Artificial intelligence (AI) developments in recent years have had a big impact on synthetic biology, especially on industrial processes and enzyme design. This work investigates combining artificial intelligence (AI) with synthetic biology, leveraging evolutionary algorithms and machine learning to speed up the search for and optimization of enzymes. A historical synopsis of enzyme engineering is given, emphasizing the contribution of AI to the improvement of enzyme activity, stability, and specificity. AI’s use in eco-friendly bioprocessing and medicines is demonstrated through case studies. The study also looks at how AI affects pathway design, focusing on predictive modeling and retrosynthesis to effectively create synthetic metabolic pathways. To generate innovative bioproducts and sustainable bioprocesses, this study emphasizes the value of interdisciplinary collaboration and the transformative potential of AI. It offers insights into AI’s position in biotechnology and tackles both present and future potential.