Soil salinization is severely impacting global arable land, necessitating an urgent need for innovative strategies for remediation and/or cultivation of resilient plant species that can thrive in high-salinity environments. Sesuvium portulacastrum, known for its robust adaptability to saline and degraded soils, stands out as a potential candidate for the innovative agricultural practices to reclaim and sustain productivity in marginal lands. This chapter is an overview on the book, Harnessing Sesuvium portulacastrum for Biosaline Agriculture, which is divided in to 12 chapters including taxonomy, geographical distribution, and evolutionary dynamics of S. portulacastrum, its biology and ecological characteristics, anatomical traits, physiological and biochemical adaptations, tolerance to salinity and heavy metals, omics studies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, microbial diversity, phytodesalination potential, success stories in biosaline agriculture, and future prospects. This chapter further highlights the importance of S. portulacastrum in sustainable and climate resilient agriculture.