Environmental concerns are growing among researchers due to the continuing depletion of fossil fuels and increase in carbon dioxide emissions. The use of environmentally friendly methods has made epoxies, especially their water-based dispersions—more relevant as a very flexible field. These waterborne epoxy coatings have become significant and necessary products for a variety of application frameworks due to the development of their synthesis methods and their chemical composition of the reactants used in the process, which lead to more sustainable paths. Because of their exceptional chemical and corrosion resistance, high adhesion to a wide range of substrates, and superb processability, epoxy resins were first used as binders in protective organic coatings on a commercial scale. In addition to the concerns over volatile organic compounds (VOCs), attempts have been made to produce corrosion-resistant materials and coatings based on waterborne epoxy (WBE) that require less energy to cure and are less hazardous when applied. A review of the literature indicates that WBE has enormous potential, importance, and uses in the paint and coatings industry. The chapter therefore covers on everything from the fundamentals of epoxy chemistry to the modification of the synthetic techniques for the development of waterborne systems. A review of the latest developments in the field, such as the use of renewable reactants and improved green approaches, is also provided. These efforts aim to reduce the toxicity of dispersions and increase their sustainability. A few notable outcomes are presented in the review, which also emphasizes the benefits of the dispersions supplemented with various renewable components. Similarly, the several ways in which dispersion can be processed are presented, demonstrating with various instances their suitability in a range of contexts and their exceptional adaptability, even for applications with strict requirements.