With the intensification of global climate change, the control of carbon emissions has become the focus of attention of all countries. As an important force in the fight against climate change, the implementation of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) has played a positive role in promoting global carbon emission reduction. The establishment of carbon credits is an effective means of reducing emissions and a reliable policy tool for the implementation of the Paris Agreement. Carbon pricing mechanisms include carbon emissions trading, carbon taxes and carbon emission reduction credit systems, of which the European Union has the most mature carbon credit system. With the acceleration of the reform of its carbon emission trading system, the promotion of cross-border carbon pricing mechanisms and the innovation of carbon finance, its carbon credit system has been improved. The research is of great significance: it provides decision-making basis for market participants to stabilize the development of the carbon market, improves the carbon market mechanism, reveals the relationship between price trends and historical information, improves the scientific nature of emission reduction strategies and promotes the realization of emission reduction targets, enhances the predictability of the economic environment and reduces risks, and enriches theoretical research to provide new perspectives and data support.