This essay explores the connection between China’s fertility rate and housing costs, focusing on the ways in which social and economic factors influence population choices. This study examines the negative correlation between rising housing costs and fertility rate. Although some scholars believe that the increase of housing wealth should encourage family expansion by providing financial security, the results of this study show that under the background of high housing prices in China, the economic pressure related to housing ownership is likely to prevent rather than encourage childbearing. This study uses the data of China National Bureau of Statistics, covering the data of three provinces from 2005 to 2019. The author demonstrates that the reduction in the fertility rate has been mostly caused by high house costs through empirical analysis utilizing regression models. The study’s findings are crucial for policymakers because they show that specific measures are required to address the economic and demographic issues brought on by high housing costs. Future research should expand the data range and consider the vertical impact of housing market fluctuations on different population groups in order to further improve the understanding of this complex issue.