The global agricultural sector faces a pressing challenge in enhancing productivity while maintaining sustainability, especially considering the projected increase in food demand by 70% by 2050. This situation is exacerbated by climate change, limited freshwater resources, diminishing arable land, and pest infestation. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a pivotal strategy for addressing these challenges, with a focus on biocontrol agents and biopesticides. Biopesticides derived from natural sources offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides, reducing environmental impacts and addressing issues such as pest resistance. The use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and other microbial pathogens has gained significant traction because of its specificity and minimal toxicity to nontarget organisms. Bt produces insecticidal proteins during sporulation, targets specific pest groups, and effectively manages populations in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Additionally, advancements in the production of microbial biopesticides and their incorporation into genetically modified crops have enhanced their applicability in sustainable agriculture. However, despite their potential, nonsynthetic alternatives face challenges, such as slower action, environmental sensitivity, and economic limitations. Overcoming these barriers requires continuous research and investment in developing biopesticides as part of a comprehensive IPM approach to ensure food security while reducing dependence on chemical inputs.