Biodiesel has attracted significant focus as a potential source of renewable energy and an environment friendly alternative to diesel. Abi-functional catalyst can be use fuel in production of biodiesel from a variety of feedstock. The bi-functional catalysts are emerging as they show better activity, selectivity, and stability. To investigate how operating parameters influence castor biodiesel yield, a time-efficient central composite response surface method was used to optimize the reaction variables. At the ideal reaction condition of catalyst loading (3.5 wt.%), time (90 min), and temperature (70 °C), a significant yield of 72% was obtained. The transesterification of oil, kinetics model, the reaction like a pseudo-first-order process, and the rate of reaction were determined. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG°, and equilibrium constant Keq were calculated. Advanced instrumentation methods, viz., FT-IR, NMR, and TGA/DSC were used to characterize the biodiesel produced. Furthermore, the optimum biodiesel yield was determined using 3D-surface plots. The findings showed that the catalyst could be recycled up to three times with a conversion rate of more than 50%, indicating its reusable nature. The fuel quality of the biodiesel was determined to be in accordance with those of the ASTM-6751, EU-14214, and ASTM-951 criteria.